Yayasan Satipatthana Indonesia
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(1) In the discourses of the Pali canon, this term simply means "higher Dhamma," and a systematic attempt to define the Buddha's teachings and understand their interrelationships. (2) A later collection of analytical treatises based on lists of categories drawn from the teachings in the discourses, added to the Canon several centuries after the Buddha's life.
Unwholesome, unskillful, demeritorious. See its opposite, kusala.
Non-returner. A person who has abandoned the five lower fetters that bind the mind to the cycle of rebirth (saṃyojana), and who after death will appear in one of the Brahma worlds called the Pure Abodes, there to attain nibbāna, never again to return to this world.
Mindfulness of breathing. A meditation practice in which one maintains one's attention and mindfulness on the sensations of breathing.
Not-self; ownerless.
Inconstant; unsteady; impermanent.
Obsesssion; underlying tendency. (The etymology of this term means "lying down with"; in actual usage, the related verb (anuseti) means to be obsessed.) There are seven major obsessions to which the mind returns over and over again: obsession with sensual passion (kāma-rāganusaya), with resistance (patighanusaya), with views (ditthanusaya), with uncertainty (vicikicchanusaya), with conceit (manusaya), with passion for becoming (bhava-rāganusaya), and with ignorance (avijjānusaya). Compare saṃyojana.
A "worthy one" or "pure one"; a person whose mind is free of defilement (see kilesa), who has abandoned all ten of the fetters that bind the mind to the cycle of rebirth (see saṃyojana), whose heart is free of mental effluents (see āsava), and who is thus not destined for further rebirth. A title for the Buddha and the highest level of his noble disciples.
The Eight Precepts, these training rules are observed by laypeople during periods of intensive meditation practice and during uposatha (lunar observance) days. The Eight Precepts are based on the Five Precepts, with the third precept extended to prohibit all sexual activity and an additional three precepts that are especially supportive to meditation practice.
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Unawareness; ignorance; obscured awareness; delusion about the nature of the mind. See also moha.
Venerable sir; often used when addressing a Buddhist monk.
Walking meditation, usually in the form of walking back and forth along a prescribed path.
‘Contemplation of the Consciousness’ as mentioned in the Mahasatipatthana Sutta, or as most people understand it simply, ‘the watching of the mind.’
In the Mahasatipatthana sutta Buddha teaches the Four Foundations of Mindfulness:
Contemplation of the body (Kayanupassana),
Contemplation of Feelings (Vedananupassana),
Contemplation of Consciousness (Cittanupassana), and
Contemplation of Mental Objects (Dhammanupassana).
Giving, liberality; offering, alms. Specifically, giving of any of the four requisites to the monastic order. More generally, the inclination to give, without expecting any form of repayment from the recipient. Dana is the first theme in the Buddha's system of gradual training, the first of the ten pāramīs, one of the seven treasures, and the first of the three grounds for meritorious action (see sīla and bhāvanā).
[Sanskrit: Dharma] may mean (1) Event; a phenomenon in and of itself; (2) mental quality; (3) doctrine, teaching; (4) nibbāna. Also, principles of behavior that human beings ought to follow so as to fit in with the right natural order of things; qualities of mind they should develop so as to realize the inherent quality of the mind in and of itself. By extension, "Dhamma" (usu. capitalized) is used also to denote any doctrine that teaches such things. Thus the Dhamma of the Buddha denotes both his teachings and the direct experience of nibbāna, the quality at which those teachings are aimed.
Aversion; hatred; anger. One of three unwholesome roots (mūla) in the mind.
Stress; suffering; pain; distress; discontent.
"Inferior Vehicle," originally a pejorative term — coined by a group who called themselves followers of the Mahāyāna, the "Great Vehicle" — to denote the path of practice of those who adhered only to the earliest discourses as the word of the Buddha. Hinayanists refused to recognize the later discourses, composed by the Mahayanists, that claimed to contain teachings that the Buddha felt were too deep for his first generation of disciples, and which he thus secretly entrusted to underground serpents. The Theravāda school of today is a descendent of the Hīnayāna.
Faculties; mental factors. In the suttas the term can refer either to the six sense media (āyatana) or to the five mental factors of saddhā (conviction), viriya (persistence), sati (mindfulness), samādhi (concentration), and paññā (discernment).
[Skt. dhyāna]: Mental absorption. A state of strong concentration focused on a single physical sensation (resulting in rūpa jhāna) or mental notion (resulting in arūpa jhāna). Development of jhāna arises from the temporary suspension of the five hindrances (nīvaraṇa) through the development of five mental factors: vitakka (directed thought), vicāra (evaluation), pīti (rapture), sukha (pleasure), and ekagattārammana (singleness of preoccupation).
[Skt. karma]:
Intentional acts that result in states of being and birth.
Heap; group; aggregate. Physical and mental components of the personality and of sensory experience in general. The five bases of clinging (upadāna). See: nāma (mental phenomenon), rūpa (physical phenomenon), vedanā (feeling), saññā (perception), sankhāra (mental fashionings), and viññana (consciousness).
Defilement — lobha (passion), dosa (aversion), and moha (delusion) in their various forms, which include such things as greed, malevolence, anger, rancor, hypocrisy, arrogance, envy, miserliness, dishonesty, boastfulness, obstinacy, violence, pride, conceit, intoxication, and complacency.
Wholesome, skillful, good, meritorious. An action characterized by this moral quality (kusala-kamma) is bound to result (eventually) in happiness and a favorable outcome. Actions characterized by its opposite (akusala-kamma) lead to sorrow. See kamma.
Greed; passion; unskillful desire. Also rāga. One of three unwholesome roots (mūla) in the mind.
Path. Specifically, the path to the cessation of suffering and stress. The four transcendent paths — or rather, one path with four levels of refinement — are the path to stream-entry (entering the stream to nibbāna, which ensures that one will be reborn at most only seven more times), the path to once-returning, the path to non-returning, and the path to arahantship. See phala.
The cognitive activity of merely giving rise to an appearance or mental hologram of something knowable and cognitively engaging with it. (Jeffrey Hopkins: verb: think [in the sense of have an opinion]; contemplate; noun: mind; consciousness; thought; continuum).
(1) The subsidiary awareness (mental factor), similar to a mental glue, that keeps a mental hold on a cognitive object, so that it is not lost. (2) The recollection of something, with which the mind keeps a mental hold on a mental hologram that resembles and represents something previously cognized. The term is often rendered as "memory" or "remembering," but has nothing to do with the recording or storage of mental information.
Delusion; ignorance (avijjā).. One of three unwholesome roots (mūla) in the mind.
Literally, "root." The fundamental conditions in the mind that determine the moral quality — skillful (kusala) or unskillful (akusala) — of one's intentional actions (see kamma). The three unskillful roots are lobha (greed), dosa (aversion), and moha (delusion); the skillful roots are their opposites. See kilesa (defilements).
Mental phenomena. A collective term for vedanā (feeling), saññā (perception), cetana (intention, volition), phassa (sensory contact) and manasikāra (attention, advertence). Compare rūpa. Some commentators also use nāma to refer to the mental components of the five khandhas.
Name-and-form; mind-and-matter; mentality-physicality. The union of mental phenomena (nāma) and physical phenomena (rūpa), conditioned by consciousness (viññana) in the causal chain of dependent co-arising (paṭicca-samuppāda).
Ñana may mean higher spiritual knowledge and illumination, or could signify an individual cognition of this type. There are sexteen levels of ñana in the course of meditation progress.
Renunciation; literally, "freedom from sensual lust." One of the ten pāramīs.
[Skt. nirvāna]: Liberation; literally, the "unbinding" of the mind from the mental effluents (āsava), defilements (kilesa), and the round of rebirth (vaṭṭa), and from all that can be described or defined. As this term also denotes the extinguishing of a fire, it carries the connotations of stilling, cooling, and peace. (According to the physics taught at the time of the Buddha, a burning fire seizes or adheres to its fuel; when extinguished, it is unbound.) "Total nibbāna" in some contexts denotes the experience of Awakening; in others, the final passing away of an arahant.
Mental sign, image, or vision that may arise in meditation. Uggaha nimitta refers to any image that arises spontaneously in the course of meditation. Paṭibhāga nimitta refers to an image that has been subjected to mental manipulation.
Cessation; disbanding; stopping.
The canon of texts (Tipiṭaka) preserved by the Theravāda school and, by extension, the language in which those texts are composed.
Discernment; insight; wisdom; intelligence; common sense; ingenuity. One of the ten perfections (pāramīs).
Perfection of the character. A group of ten qualities developed over many lifetimes by a bodhisatta, which appear as a group in the Pali canon only in the Jataka ("Birth Stories"): generosity (dāna), virtue (sīla), renunciation (nekkhamma), discernment (paññā), energy/persistence (viriya), patience/forbearance (khanti), truthfulness (sacca), determination (adhiṭṭhāna), good will (mettā), and equanimity (upekkhā).
Total Unbinding; the complete cessation of the khandhas that occurs upon the death of an arahant.
Theoretical understanding of Dhamma obtained through reading, study, and learning. See patipatti and pativedha.
The basic code of monastic discipline, consisting of 227 rules for monks (bhikkhus) and 311 for nuns (bhikkhunis). See Vinaya.
The practice of Dhamma, as opposed to mere theoretical knowledge (pariyatti). See also pativedha.
Direct, first-hand realization of the Dhamma. See also pariyatti and patipatti.
Fruition. Specifically, the fruition of any of the four transcendent paths (see magga).
Rapture; bliss; delight. In meditation, a pleasurable quality in the mind that reaches full maturity upon the development of the second level of jhāna.
Body; physical phenomenon; sense datum. The basic meaning of this word is "appearance" or "form." It is used, however, in a number of different contexts, taking on different shades of meaning in each. In lists of the objects of the senses, it is given as the object of the sense of sight. As one of the khandha, it refers to physical phenomena or sensations (visible appearance or form being the defining characteristics of what is physical). This is also the meaning it carries when opposed to nāma, or mental phenomena.
Once-returner. A person who has abandoned the first three of the fetters that bind the mind to the cycle of rebirth (saṃyojana), has weakened the fetters of sensual passion and resistance, and who after death is destined to be reborn in this world only once more.
Self-identification view. The view that mistakenly identifies any of the khandha as "self"; the first of the ten fetters (saṃyojana). Abandonment of sakkāya-diṭṭhi is one of the hallmarks of stream-entry (sotāpanna).
Concentration; the practice of centering the mind in a single sensation or preoccupation, usually to the point of jhāna.
Fetter that binds the mind to the cycle of rebirth (see vaṭṭa) — self-identification views (sakkāya-diṭṭhi), uncertainty (vicikiccha), grasping at precepts and practices (sīlabbata-parāmāsa); sensual passion (kāma-rāga), resistance (vyāpāda); passion for form (rūpa-rāga), passion for formless phenomena (arūpa-rāga), conceit (māna), restlessness (uddhacca), and unawareness (avijjā). Compare anusaya.
Formation, compound, fashioning, fabrication — the forces and factors that fashion things (physical or mental), the process of fashioning, and the fashioned things that result. Sankhāra can refer to anything formed or fashioned by conditions, or, more specifically, (as one of the five khandhas) thought-formations within the mind.
Label; perception; allusion; act of memory or recognition; interpretation. See khandha.
Mindfulness, self-collectedness, powers of reference and retention. In some contexts, the word sati when used alone covers alertness (sampajañña) as well.
Foundation of mindfulness; frame of reference — body, feelings, mind, and mental events, viewed in and of themselves as they occur.
(Burmese). Venerable teacher; an honorific title and form of address for a senior or eminent bhikkhu.
Virtue, morality. The quality of ethical and moral purity that prevents one from falling away from the eightfold path. Also, the training precepts that restrain one from performing unskillful actions. Sila is the second theme in the gradual training, one of the ten pāramīs, the second of the seven treasures, and the first of the three grounds for meritorious action (see dāna and bhāvanā).
Stream winner. A person who has abandoned the first three of the fetters that bind the mind to the cycle of rebirth and has thus entered the "stream" flowing inexorably to nibbāna, ensuring that one will be reborn at most only seven more times, and only into human or higher realms.
The "Doctrine of the Elders" — the only one of the early schools of Buddhism to have survived into the present; currently the dominant form of Buddhism in Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Burma. See also Hīnayāna.
[Skt. tripiṭaka]: The Buddhist (Pali) Canon. Literally, "three baskets," in reference to the three principal divisions of the Canon: the Vinaya Piṭaka (disciplinary rules); Sutta Piṭaka (discourses); and Abhidhamma Piṭaka (abstract philosophical treatises).
The "Triple Gem" consisting of the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha — ideals to which all Buddhists turn for refuge.
The "Threefold Refuge" — the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha.
Observance day, corresponding to the phases of the moon, on which Buddhist lay people gather to listen to the Dhamma and to observe special precepts. On the new-moon and full-moon uposatha days monks assemble to recite the Pātimokkha rules.
Rains Retreat. A period from July to October, corresponding roughly to the rainy season, in which each monk is required to live settled in a single place and not wander freely about.
(literally the air element) is given as the element of motion, a quality possessed only by this element and none other.
Feeling — pleasure (ease), pain (stress), or neither pleasure nor pain. See khandha.
‘Contemplation of the Feelings’ as mentioned in the Mahasatipatthana Sutta, or as most people understand it simply, ‘the watching of the feelings.’
There are pleasant, unpleasant, and neither pleasant nor unpleasant feelings.
In the Mahasatipatthana sutta Buddha teaches the Four Foundations of Mindfulness:
Contemplation of the body (Kayanupassana),
Contemplation of Feelings (Vedananupassana),
Contemplation of Consciousness (Cittanupassana), and
Contemplation of Mental Objects (Dhammanupassana).
The monastic discipline, spanning six volumes in printed text, whose rules and traditions define every aspect of the bhikkhus' and bhikkhunis' way of life. The essence of the rules for monastics is contained in the Pātimokkha. The conjunction of the Dhamma with the Vinaya forms the core of the Buddhist religion: "Dhamma-vinaya" — "the doctrine and discipline" — is the name the Buddha gave to the religion he founded.
Consciousness; cognizance; the act of taking note of sense data and ideas as they occur. There is also a type of consciousness that lies outside of the khandhas — called consciousness without feature (viññanam anidassanam) — which is not related to the six senses at all. See khandha.
Clear intuitive insight into physical and mental phenomena as they arise and disappear, seeing them for what they actually are — in and of themselves — in terms of the three characteristics (ti-lakkhaṇa) and in terms of stress, its origin, its disbanding, and the way leading to its disbanding (ariya-sacca).
Persistence; energy. One of the ten perfections (pāramīs), the five faculties (bala), and the five strengths/dominant factors (indriya).
Vesak, Vesakha, Visakha, Wesak, etc. (visākha): The ancient name for the Indian lunar month in spring corresponding to our April-May. According to tradition, the Buddha's birth, Awakening, and Parinibbāna each took place on the full-moon night in the month of Visakha. These events are commemorated on that day in the Visakha festival, which is celebrated annually throughout the world of Theravāda Buddhism.
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Giving, liberality; offering, alms. Specifically, giving of any of the four requisites to the monastic order. More generally, the inclination to give, without expecting any form of repayment from the recipient. Dana is the first theme in the Buddha's system of gradual training, the first of the ten pāramīs, one of the seven treasures, and the first of the three grounds for meritorious action (see sīla and bhāvanā).
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